National Cancer Institute Kenya

Category: blogs

  • NCI-K and Partners Host Free Cancer Screening and Cancer Warrior Celebration in Eldoret City

    NCI-K and Partners Host Free Cancer Screening and Cancer Warrior Celebration in Eldoret City

    1st November 2025 – Eldoret City

    Today, the National Cancer Institute of Kenya (NCI-K) together with partners including Alexandria Cancer Centre, Eldoret Oncology Associates, Uhai Life Sciences, and Catholic University of East Africa participated in a free cancer screening exercise in Eldoret  City, as well as celebrating cancer warriors, an activity organized by The Solace Cancer Foundation, a non-profit organization championing cancer prevention, early detection, and comprehensive support for every person affected by cancer to access dignified care in Kenya. This is part of the continued efforts by NCI-K to increase cancer education, awareness, and screening nationwide in commemoration of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Screening services offered included breast, cervical, and prostate cancer.

    0#

    Notable people present included the National Assembly Deputy Speaker, Hon. Gladys Boss Shollei, and Uasin Gishu County leadership represented by County Executive Committee member, Mrs Joyce Sang.

    Advocating for cancer prevention, Hon. Shollei mentioned the continued efforts to expedite the formulation of regulations to remove the banned hazardous herbicides from Kenyan markets, urging members of the National Assembly to work to protect the Kenyan population from these cancer-causing products. “These products have been banned in foreign countries, but still find market access in Kenya.” According to her, Kirinyaga County has the highest prevalence of cancer, and the highest county using the same products. The National Assembly leader encouraged members of the public to continue registering with the Social Health Authority to enjoy the benefits of Universal Health Coverage.

    Cancer champions and advocates in the walk.

    Dr. Rebecca Omollo, the Founder of The Solace Cancer Foundation, and a breast cancer survivor, thanked the National Cancer Institute of Kenya for the efforts it is putting in combating the cancer menace in the country, specifically, she thanked the CEO, Dr. Elias Melly, for leading in the cancer advocacy, policy formulation, and support to County governments.

    The institute’s continued partnership efforts are in line with our mission and objectives of eradicating conditions that cause and aggravate the spread of cancer, as well as working to ensure the implementation of the five pillars in our National Cancer strategic plan, 2024-2027. The nationwide campaign aims to encourage members of the public to prioritize their health by embracing the free screening initiatives launched by the national government.

  • NCI-K Leads Western Region Chapter in National Breast Cancer Mobilization

    NCI-K Leads Western Region Chapter in National Breast Cancer Mobilization

    The fight against breast cancer is gaining momentum in Western Kenya Region as the National Cancer Institute of Kenya (NCI-K) intensifies its nationwide campaign on breast cancer awareness and screening as we commemorate Breast Cancer Awareness Month (October). The spotlight now shines on the Western Region Chapter, an initiative that unites public and private partners to deliver free cancer awareness, education, and screening services directly to the people.

    With breast cancer remaining one of Kenya’s leading causes of cancer-related deaths, early detection has proven to be the most effective weapon in saving lives. Cognizant of this fact, NCI-K has coordinated a strong coalition to lead the campaign in the region.

    NCI-K has teamed up with the Busia County Government, Global Health Innovations, and GoodHope Hospitals and Clinic. With this kind of teamwork, we are ensuring that breast cancer awareness, education, and screening reach women where they live and work.

    One of the major concerns in the region is stigma and myths about cancer; to address this, the institute, through our childhood cancers champion, Mercy Osoro, is dispelling these myths, misconceptions, and stigma by sharing her experiences. Mercy is a 20-year-old cancer survivor working at the Directorate of Cancer Prevention and Control.

    #BreastCancerAwarenessMonth #BreastCancer #PinkOctober #NCIKENYA

  • Why Kenyans detect breast cancer when it’s already advanced, and how we can flip the script

    Why Kenyans detect breast cancer when it’s already advanced, and how we can flip the script

    Why Kenyan Women Still Present Late

    “The first thing I thought was, I’m going to die.”  Evalyn Allela, breast cancer survivor. When Evalyn Allela first noticed a lump in her breast, the world stopped. Like many Kenyan women, her first reaction wasn’t to seek medical advice; it was fear. “For the longest time, we knew cancer was a killer disease,” she recalls. That fear is a reflection of a painful national truth. According to Dr. Elias Melly, CEO of the National Cancer Institute of Kenya (NCI-K), “60 -70% of breast cancers in this country are diagnosed at stage 3 and 4 “. Dr. Melly made the remarks during an interview with Citizen TV Kenya, highlighting an urgent reality that most breast cancer cases in Kenya are caught when there are limited treatment options. Behind every late diagnosis is a mix of silence, stigma, misinformation, and access barriers that keep too many women from early screening and timely care.

    Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers among women in Kenya, yet early detection rates remain depressingly low. The reasons are complicated and deeply social. Many women delay screenings out of fear of what they might find. Others struggle with limited access to diagnostic services, especially in rural counties. Misinformation, stemming from myths about causes and misconceptions about treatment, continues to discourage open discussion. “We still have women coming when it’s too late to save the breast,” notes Dr. Melly. “We must focus on community education and encourage early screening if we are to change these numbers.” The result is a silent epidemic that persists not only in hospitals but also in homes, workplaces, and social spaces, where discussing cancer remains a taboo topic.

    Flipping the script: From Fear to Fight

    For Evalyn, her turning point came when she chose to speak openly about her experience. “At first, I was terrified,” she admits. “But once I shared my story, I realized so many women were going through the same fear in silence.” Her courage reflects what Kenya urgently needs: a national culture that treats conversations about cancer not with dread, but with openness and strength. Every conversation started, every myth corrected, and every story shared brings the country closer to early detection and survival.

    At NCI-K, the message is clear: awareness must move beyond pink ribbons and hashtags. Real change happens when communities feel empowered to talk, screen, and support one another before it’s too late.

    Building a New Culture of Early Screening

    Dr. Melly emphasizes that prevention and early diagnosis remain the most powerful tools against cancer. “We know that the earlier breast cancer is detected, the better the chances of survival. But that begins with awareness, regular check-ups, and access to screening even at the community level.”

    NCI-K continues to collaborate with County Governments, health professionals, and community health promoters to enhance cancer awareness and screening outreach nationwide. But the most important change begins with us. Men and women choosing to prioritize their health, families encouraging open conversations, and communities creating safe spaces for cancer education.

    Now that we know better, we do better

    Evalyn’s story is not only a survival story but also an advocacy. “I want women to know that early detection saved my life,” she says. “Cancer is not a death sentence. The fear is worse than the disease.”

    As Breast Cancer Awareness Month continues, NCI-K calls on all Kenyans to take one small but powerful step: talk about it, ask questions, and encourage a screening because changing the conversation about cancer might be the key to saving more lives.

  • Prostate cancer and nutrition: What every Kenyan man should know.

    Prostate cancer and nutrition: What every Kenyan man should know.

    Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in Kenya. It accounts for approximately 14.4% of all male cancer cases. Yet, it is not talked about enough. Our latest data show 2800 new cases and 1300 deaths every year, with most detected late. This limits treatment options, and the outcome is mostly poor. While screening is the gold standard for early detection, research indicates that nutrition plays a vital role in reducing risks and enhancing long-term health. Food is information for your cells, not just fuel. In Kenya, where cultural preferences like nyama choma, fried foods, and alcohol are high, diet can be a quiet enabler of cancer risk.

     Building a prostate-friendly Kenyan plate

    1. Tomatoes and Red Fruits

    Cooked tomatoes, guavas, and watermelon are rich in lycopene. It is a powerful antioxidant associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Add blended tomato sauces to ugali and sukuma instead of just onions and oil.

    • Leafy Greens (Folate Boosters)

    Sukuma wiki, spinach, managu, and terere are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber that help repair DNA damage and lower inflammation. Lightly steam or fry with minimal oil. Avoid overcooking it.

    • Legumes and Soy

    Beans, lentils, and soy contain phytoestrogens, which may help slow the growth of cancer cells. These are excellent alternatives to red meat and are widely available and affordable.

    • Fish and White Meat

    Tilapia, omena, and chicken provide lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids that offer protection. It is advised that you grill or steam instead of frying.

    Food that increases the risk

    1. Red and Processed Meat

    This is a cultural favorite. When Kenyan food is mentioned, nyama choma is at the top of the list. Frequent consumption of nyama choma, sausages, and other processed meats introduces harmful compounds when cooked at high temperatures. We are not telling you to abandon it entirely, but moderation is Key.

    1. High-Fat Dairy

     High-fat milk is a daily staple. From morning tea to the evening ugali accompaniment, most Kenyans can’t fathom a life without it. However, research shows that full-cream dairy raises growth factors that fuel prostate cancer cells. A simple swap to low-fat milk or plant-based options offers the same comfort without the hidden danger.

    1. Excessive Alcohol

    Alcohol raises cancer risk and weakens the immune system — yet is a standard part of Kenyan social life. Limiting the alcohol to an occasional one drink or choosing a healthier alternative like fresh juice will keep the social life going without the long-term damage.

    Debunking Common Myths

    • Myth: “Only old men get prostate cancer.”
      Fact: Risk rises after 45, but lifestyle choices from a young age matter.
    • Myth: “If I feel fine, I don’t need screening.”
      Fact: Prostate cancer can be silent for years; only screening detects it early.
    • Myth: “Eating healthy is expensive.”
      Fact: Sukuma, beans, and tomatoes are among the most affordable foods in Kenyan markets.

    Next steps for Kenyan men

    If you are a Kenyan man over 45, or younger with a family history of prostate cancer, make screening a regular part of your health routine. Complement this with simple dietary changes: increase your intake of tomatoes, greens, beans, and fish, while reducing your consumption of red meat and alcohol. A balanced diet, alongside exercise, stress management, and regular screenings, creates a strong defense against prostate cancer. At NCI-K, we emphasize that early action saves lives; screening allows for detection when prostate cancer is most treatable. While nutrition cannot replace medical care, it serves as a controllable frontline defense starting with your next meal.

  • UTERINE CANCER CARE AND CHALLENGES DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE

    UTERINE CANCER CARE AND CHALLENGES DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE

    Uterine cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers among women. Early detection plays a significant role in successful treatment outcomes, but once diagnosed, patients often embark on a physically and emotionally challenging journey. Understanding the care and treatment process, as well as the hurdles patients face during this phase, is essential to supporting those affected.

    Care and Treatment Process

    The care and treatment of uterine cancer often begins with a multidisciplinary approach involving gynecologic oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and support teams. The most common treatment option is surgery, commonly a hysterectomy, which may include removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and sometimes surrounding lymph nodes. This mainly depends on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer.

    Post-surgery, adjuvant therapies may be required:

    • Radiation Therapy: Helps eliminate remaining cancer cells and reduces the risk of recurrence.
    • Chemotherapy: Used in more advanced or aggressive cases to target cancer cells throughout the body.
    • Hormone Therapy: Applied for hormone-sensitive cancers to block hormones that fuel cancer growth.

    Regular monitoring, including blood tests, scans, and pelvic exams, is essential throughout the treatment process to track progress and adjust the care plan as needed.

    Challenges Faced During Treatment

    While effective treatment options exist, patients often face a range of physical, emotional, and financial challenges during the treatment phase:

    • Physical Side Effects: These may include fatigue, nausea, pain, surgical complications, hormonal imbalances, and early menopause.
    • Emotional Strain: Many women experience anxiety, fear of recurrence, depression, and body image issues. For younger patients, infertility can be especially distressing.
    • Financial Barriers: In many regions, treatment costs, travel expenses, and time away from work or family can create overwhelming financial stress.
    • Limited Access in Low-Resource Settings: late diagnosis due to lack of screening, inadequate health infrastructure, and scarcity of specialists pose serious barriers to timely and quality care.

    Beyond medical treatment, uterine cancer care must include psychosocial support, patient education, and community outreach. Support groups, counseling, and financial assistance programs can significantly improve a patient’s ability to cope. Additionally, strengthening health systems to ensure earlier diagnosis, equitable access to care, and ongoing survivorship support is critical.

    Uterine cancer treatment involves more than just managing the disease. It is about supporting the whole patient. Addressing the physical, emotional, and social challenges faced during treatment can lead to better outcomes and a higher quality of life for women living with this disease.

  • ADDRESSING UTERINE CANCER IN KENYA

    ADDRESSING UTERINE CANCER IN KENYA

                                                           

    Uterine cancer originates in the lining of the uterus.  In Kenya, the disease is increasingly becoming an emerging public health concern due to rising incidence rates and late-stage diagnoses. While traditionally less highlighted than cervical or breast cancer, uterine cancer is becoming more common, driven by rising life expectancy, changes in reproductive health trends, and shifting lifestyles.

    According to the National Cancer Registry data estimates, Kenya records approximately 829 new cases annually of uterine cancer and 257 deaths annually. These numbers place uterine cancer among the top twenty cancers affecting women in the country. Data from Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), supports these findings, showing a steady increase in gynecologic cancer referrals, with uterine cancer accounting for a growing share.

    Clinicians report that most uterine cancer patients are diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 65, often postmenopausal, and commonly present with abnormal uterine bleeding. A retrospective review of cases between 2015 and 2022 showed that more than 60% of patients presented with advanced-stage disease (Stage III or IV), reducing the effectiveness of treatment and worsening prognosis. Studies at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) and Aga Khan University Hospital echo findings at KNH, indicating a demographic shift toward younger women presenting with early symptoms.

    Risk Factors

    • Delayed childbearing and decreased fertility rates in women
    • Limited access to regular gynecological care and screening, especially in rural regions
    • Low public awareness about the symptoms of uterine cancer
    • A growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders, even among younger women

    Diagnosis and Treatment Gaps

    Uterine cancer diagnosis in Kenya is hindered by limited diagnostic capacity, particularly outside major urban centers. Many public hospitals lack equipment for transvaginal ultrasound, histopathology, and advanced imaging. At KNH, diagnosis is often delayed due to long waiting times for biopsy results.

    Treatment typically involves total abdominal hysterectomy, sometimes followed by radiation or chemotherapy. However, there is a shortage of radiation therapy machines, with only a handful of public facilities offering radiotherapy. This shortage forces many patients to wait months or travel long distances for treatment, worsening their outcomes. With the operationalization of the Cancer Prevention and Control Act, 2012, by the National Cancer Institute of Kenya, these challenges are now being addressed through policy making, partnerships, and collaborations.

    The Way Forward

    Collaboration between the Kenyan government, academic institutions, and international health organizations can drive progress. Leveraging global insights while adapting strategies to Kenya’s health landscape is crucial to reducing uterine cancer mortality. This can be done through;

    • Increased public awareness campaigns tailored to Kenyan women.
    • Expand diagnostic infrastructure to counties and sub-counties.
    • Subsidize treatment through the Social Health Authority (SHA)
    • Train more gynecologic oncologists, nurses, and pathologists.
    • Integrate uterine cancer education into reproductive health services.

    Uterine cancer is a growing threat to women’s health in Kenya. With rising incidence and late diagnoses, the government of Kenya, through the National Cancer Institute of Kenya, is rolling out better screening programs, affordable treatment through the Social Health Authority (SHA), and public awareness.

    Addressing this issue requires more than medical treatment as it calls for a comprehensive, system-wide response that includes public education, investment in diagnostic capacity, equitable access to treatment, and health workforce training. With coordinated efforts from the government, healthcare institutions, and international partners, Kenya can shift the narrative from late-stage suffering to early detection and survival.

  • Decoding Uterine Cancer Symptoms: What Every Woman Should Know

    Decoding Uterine Cancer Symptoms: What Every Woman Should Know

    Uterine cancer, most commonly Endometrial cancer (which starts in the lining of the uterus), often presents with symptoms that are noticeable, allowing for earlier detection and better treatment outcomes. It’s crucial for every woman to be aware of these signs, even though they can also be caused by less serious conditions.

    Here’s what everyone should know about uterine cancer symptoms:

    The Most Important Symptom: Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

    This is by far the most common and often the earliest symptom of uterine cancer, occurring in about 90% of cases. “Abnormal” bleeding can look different depending on whether you’ve gone through menopause or not

    While abnormal bleeding is the primary symptom, other signs can occur as the cancer grows or if it’s a less common type of uterine cancer (like uterine sarcoma):

    • Unusual vaginal discharge: This can range from watery to thick, and may be clear, white, pink, or blood-tinged. It might also have an unpleasant odor.
    • Pelvic pain or pressure: This can be a persistent ache, cramping, or a feeling of fullness or discomfort in your lower abdomen or pelvis. It might also present as pain in your lower back or legs.
    • Pain during sex (dyspareunia): This can occur if the cancer has grown and is affecting the cervix or vagina.
    • Changes in urination or bowel movements: If the tumor grows large enough, it can press on the bladder or rectum, leading to:
      • Pain or difficulty when urinating.
      • More frequent urination.
      • Blood in the urine.
      • Pain or difficulty with bowel movements.
      • Blood in the stool.
    • Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without trying can be a symptom of many cancers, including uterine cancer, especially in later stages.
    • A lump or swelling in the tummy or pelvis.
    • Feeling of fullness or bloating.
    • Symptoms can be misleading: Many of these symptoms can be caused by benign conditions like fibroids, polyps, infections, or hormonal imbalances. However, only a doctor can determine the cause. Don’t assume it’s “just” menopause or a normal part of your cycle if you experience these changes.
    • Don’t wait: If you have any of these symptoms, especially abnormal bleeding, see your doctor right away. Don’t delay seeking medical advice.

    By being aware of these symptoms and acting quickly, women can significantly improve their chances of a positive outcome if diagnosed with uterine cancer.

  • Understanding Kidney Cancer Risk Factors: Knowledge is Power

    Understanding Kidney Cancer Risk Factors: Knowledge is Power

    March is Kidney Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to shedding light on this often-overlooked disease. While there’s no foolproof way to prevent kidney cancer entirely, understanding the risk factors can empower you to make informed choices and take proactive steps towards better health.

    What is Kidney Cancer?

    Kidney cancer occurs when cells in the kidneys, the organs responsible for filtering waste from your blood, begin to grow uncontrollably. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which originates in the lining of the small tubes within the kidneys.

    Key Risk Factors to Be Aware Of:

    Several factors can increase your risk of developing kidney cancer. Let’s delve into the most significant ones:

    • Smoking:
      • This is a major culprit. Tobacco use significantly elevates your risk. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes damage kidney cells over time. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to lower your risk.
    • Obesity:
      • Excess weight, particularly abdominal obesity, is linked to an increased risk. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is crucial.
    • High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):
      • Chronic high blood pressure can strain the kidneys and increase the likelihood of cancer development. Managing your blood pressure through lifestyle changes and/or medication is essential.
    • Gender:
      • Men are more likely to develop kidney cancer than women. The reasons for this disparity are not fully understood.
    • Age:
      • The risk of kidney cancer increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in people over 50.
    • Family History:
      • If you have a close relative who has had kidney cancer, your risk is higher. Certain genetic conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, and Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, can also increase your susceptibility.
    • Chronic Kidney Disease:
      • People with chronic kidney disease, especially those on long-term dialysis, have a higher risk.
    • Exposure to Certain Chemicals:
      • Occupational exposure to certain chemicals, such as trichloroethylene, cadmium, and asbestos, has been linked to kidney cancer.
    • Long-Term Use of Certain Pain Medications:
      • Prolonged use of some pain medications, particularly phenacetin-containing drugs (which are no longer widely available), has been associated with an increased risk.
  • Can Kidney Cancer Be Prevented?

    Can Kidney Cancer Be Prevented?

    While there’s no guaranteed way to completely prevent kidney cancer, you can take steps to reduce your risk. Here’s a breakdown of key protective measures:  

    Lifestyle Changes:

    • Don’t Smoke:
      • Smoking is a significant risk factor for kidney cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the most impactful things you can do to lower your risk.  
    • Maintain a Healthy Weight:
      • Being overweight or obese increases your risk.Aim for a healthy body mass index (BMI) through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
    • Control High Blood Pressure:
      • High blood pressure is linked to an increased risk. Manage your blood pressure through lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication.  
    • Healthy Diet:
      • A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can contribute to overall health and may help reduce cancer risk.  
    • Regular Exercise:
      • Physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy weight and overall well-being.  

    Occupational and Environmental Factors:

    • Limit Exposure to Certain Chemicals:
      • Exposure to certain chemicals, such as trichloroethylene, cadmium, and asbestos, has been linked to kidney cancer. If you work with these substances, take proper safety precautions.  

    Medical Considerations:

    • Manage Chronic Kidney Disease:
      • People with chronic kidney disease may have an increased risk. Regular checkups and proper management of kidney health are crucial.  
    • Be Aware of Family History:
      • If you have a family history of kidney cancer or certain genetic conditions (like von Hippel-Lindau disease), discuss your risk with your doctor. Genetic counseling may be beneficial.
    • Limit Unnecessary Use of Pain Medications:
      • long term use of some pain medications can have a negative effect on kidney health. So use them as directed by your doctor.

  • Can Childhood Cancer Be Prevented? Understanding Risk and Prevention Strategies

    Most common cancers found in kids 14 years and below are leukemia, lymphoma, or cancer of the brain or central nervous system. More than one in four people diagnosed with bone cancer are under 20 years of age.

    Similar to adult malignancies, the majority of childhood cancers are caused by changes or mutations in genes, which cause uncontrolled cell proliferation and eventually cancer. Germline variations, which are genetic alterations (or variants) transferred from parents to their offspring, have been linked to an elevated risk of cancer

    The types of treatment that a child with cancer receives will depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Common treatments include: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant.

    The types of cancers that occur most often in children are different from those seen in adults. The most common cancers of children are:

    • Leukemia
    • Brain and spinal cord tumors
    • Neuroblastoma
    • Wilms tumor
    • Lymphoma (including both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin)
    • Rhabdomyosarcoma

    Children’s cancers are not always treated like adult cancers. Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty focused on the care of children with cancer. It’s important to know that this expertise exists and that there are effective treatments for many childhood cancers.

    What causes cancer in children?

    Cancer occurs in people of all ages and can affect any part of the body. It begins with genetic change in single cells, that then grow into a mass (or tumour), that invades other parts of the body and causes harm and death if left untreated. Unlike cancer in adults, the vast majority of childhood cancers do not have a known cause. Many studies have sought to identify the causes of childhood cancer, but very few cancers in children are caused by environmental or lifestyle factors. Cancer prevention efforts in children should focus on behaviours that will prevent the child from developing preventable cancer as an adult.

    Some chronic infections, such as HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and malaria, are risk factors for childhood cancer. They are particularly relevant in LMICs. Other infections can increase a child’s risk of developing cancer as an adult, so it is important to be vaccinated (against hepatitis B to help prevent liver cancer and against human papillomavirus to help prevent cervical cancer) and to other pursue other methods such as early detection and treatment of chronic infections that can lead to cancer.

    Current data suggest that approximately 10% of all children with cancer have a predisposition because of genetic factors [5]. Further research is needed to identify factors impacting cancer development in children.